Where to buy nicotine pouches: the global map

There is no global answer, and anyone who gives you one is guessing. Nicotine pouches are sold openly in Sweden, Switzerland, Austria, Poland and the UK; sold under a cut-down range in Denmark and Finland; and unlawful to sell in France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany and Norway. In the United States legality runs product by product.

How this page works. The law comes first and the shops come second, because a page that tells you where to buy something prohibited where you live is worse than no page at all. Every legal statement below links to the instrument or the regulator that says it — not to a retailer, not to another blog. Where I could not open a primary source, I say so rather than filling the gap. Verified 21 September 2026.

What “where to buy” actually depends on

Four separate questions get collapsed into one, and keeping them apart is most of the work.

Is the product lawful to sell where you are? This is the binary one, and it is set nationally.

If it is lawful, what may lawfully be in it? Several countries permit sale but cap nicotine, restrict flavours, or both — so the market exists, but the range you can actually get is narrower than what the brand makes.

Through what channel? Licensed retail, general retail, pharmacy, or nothing at all. This varies more than most people expect between neighbouring countries.

Can it cross a border to reach you? Distance selling and personal import are regulated separately from domestic sale, and several countries have closed the cross-border route while leaving domestic shops open. Finland and Norway both did exactly that.

A country can be permissive on one of these and strict on another — which is why a single-colour world map is close to useless here, and why the sections below are organised by what the rules do rather than by continent.

Why Europe has no single rule

The European Union has a harmonised law on tobacco — Directive 2014/40/EU, the Tobacco Products Directive — and tobacco-free nicotine pouches sit outside it. That one fact explains most of the confusion in this category.

The Directive defines tobacco products as products that “can be consumed and consist, even partly, of tobacco” (Article 2(4)), and extends beyond tobacco only to e-cigarettes, refill containers and herbal smoking products. A pouch with no tobacco in it is none of those. The European Commission confirmed this directly in its own evaluation of the framework, published 2 April 2026, which lists “nicotine pouches, nicotine gums, nicotine nasal sprays and other nicotine products that exist or may emerge in the future” among the products out of scope of both the TPD and the Tobacco Advertising Directive. The same document notes that Member States have therefore “adopted various regulatory approaches to addressing these novel products in areas not covered by the tobacco control framework”.

Source: Commission Staff Working Document SWD(2026) 111 final, and Directive 2014/40/EU on EUR-Lex.

So every European national rule on pouches is a purely national measure. There is no floor and no ceiling — which is why France bans possession, the Netherlands bans placing on the market, Poland caps nicotine at 20 mg/g, and Sweden caps nothing at all.

Snus is the opposite case, and the distinction is legal rather than marketing. Article 17 of the same Directive reads, in full: “The prohibition of the sale of tobacco for oral use shall apply throughout the Union with the exception of Sweden, in accordance with Article 151 of the Act of Accession of Austria, Finland and Sweden.” Note where the Swedish exemption actually lives — in the 1994 Act of Accession, not in the Directive. The Directive preserves it; it did not create it. If you want the background on the product itself, the complete guide to snus covers it.

Where pouches are sold openly

Sweden is the most permissive market in Europe, and by a distance. Tobacco-free pouches are governed by Lag (2022:1257) om tobaksfria nikotinprodukter, in force in stages from 1 August 2022. The age limit is 18, for both sale (§ 19) and import (§ 21). Retailers must notify the municipality before selling (§ 17) and run a self-inspection programme (§ 18). Distance selling is permitted provided the recipient’s age can be checked (§ 20).

What the Swedish law does not do is worth stating plainly: there is no nicotine cap and no flavour ban. Neither the Act nor its ordinance sets a maximum nicotine content. A 2024 government inquiry proposed 12 mg per gram, but the health minister confirmed in a written answer of 6 July 2026 that those proposals remain under consideration in the Government Offices. Treat a Swedish nicotine cap as a thing that may happen, not a thing that has.

Switzerland brought pouches expressly inside its Tobacco Products Act (TabPG), in force since 1 October 2024. Article 3(d) defines an oral nicotine product as a nicotine-containing product “with or without tobacco” that contacts the oral mucosa and is not intended to be smoked or heated — and Article 3(a) folds that category into the master term, so every duty in the Act reaches tobacco-free pouches. Sale to minors is prohibited (Art. 23(1)), with advertising restrictions under Article 18. The Federal Office of Public Health confirms in its own FAQ that both the age limit and the advertising rules “gelten seit dem 1. Oktober 2024”. The Act itself sets no nicotine ceiling for oral products. TabPG, SR 818.32; BAG FAQ.

Austria regulated pouches for the first time in 2026. BGBl. I Nr. 68/2026, of 29 July 2026, inserted a definition of “tabakfreies Nikotinerzeugnis” into the Tobacco and Non-Smokers’ Protection Act and brought it within the “verwandte Erzeugnisse” category, which is what triggers the 18+ sales ban in § 2b. The product limits are specific: under § 10h(7) a pouch may not exceed 1.6 grams total mass and may contain no more than 16.6 milligrams of nicotine per gram, and under § 2(2a) a pack must contain at least 15 units. The regime took effect on 20 August 2026, with an advertising warning requirement following on 1 March 2028.

One claim I will not repeat, because I could not source it: that Austria restricts pouches to licensed tobacconists. The 2026 act does not touch the Tobacco Monopoly Act and contains no trafik-exclusivity provision. A separate instrument may do this; I could not find one.

Poland has had an express pouch law since 2025 — a point most English-language summaries still miss. The amending Act of 21 May 2025 (Dz.U. 2025 poz. 799) inserted a definition of “woreczek nikotynowy” at art. 2 pkt 44a, set an 18+ age limit, and capped nicotine at 20 mg/g under art. 11hb. It also bans distance and vending-machine sales and advertising, and requires notification to the Bureau for Chemical Substances six months before a product enters the market. It came into force on 5 July 2025 with six-month transitional periods. A further bill (Sejm print 2362, 11 March 2026) would add a tobacco-only flavour restriction; I could not confirm whether it has been enacted, so treat the Polish flavour ban as proposed rather than live.

The United Kingdom is legal, and the detail matters more than the headline. The Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026 (2026 c. 18) received Royal Assent on 29 April 2026. Pouches are caught by the Act’s definition of “nicotine product” at section 117, which is drafted functionally and does not require tobacco or inhalation.

Two corrections to what is commonly written about this. First, the generational sale ban does not apply to pouches. Section 1 applies the born-on-or-after-1-January-2009 rule to tobacco products, herbal smoking products and cigarette papers only. Pouches instead get a flat 18+ rule under section 10. Second, most of it is not yet in force. Under section 175, Parts 1 to 4 commence six months after passing — 29 October 2026 — so as of today there is still no statutory 18+ age of sale for pouches in England and Wales. The flavour, contents and display provisions (sections 96 and 13) are regulation-making powers, not self-executing rules, and no such regulations have been made. There is no nicotine cap in the Act. The Department of Health has said it intends the advertising and sponsorship restrictions to take effect on 1 June 2027, and stated in the same announcement that “there are no current advertising and sponsorship restrictions in place for other nicotine products”.

Where sale is legal but the range is cut

Two Nordic countries permit pouches and then regulate the product itself hard enough that what is on the shelf is noticeably different from what the same brand sells in Sweden.

Denmark caps nicotine at 9.0 milligrams per pouch under BEK nr 249 af 04/03/2025, in force 1 July 2025. Flavours are limited to tobacco and menthol by § 15 b of the tobacco act, inserted by LOV nr 1669 af 30/12/2024. Packaging is standardised — matt Pantone 448 C, brand name in 10-point Helvetica — under BEK nr 248 af 04/03/2025. The transitional period ended on 1 April 2026, so everything now on a Danish shelf must comply. The age limit is 18. Sikkerhedsstyrelsen, the market surveillance authority, confirms the cut-off and maintains a public register of notified products.

Finland brought pouches inside the Tobacco Act as “savuttomat nikotiinituotteet” via amending act 251/2025. The cap is 16.6 milligrams per gram, combined with a unit weight of 0.5 to 1.0 grams — so a 0.7 g pouch tops out around 11.6 mg. Flavours run on a positive list: tobacco, menthol or mint, and the supervisory agency states that combinations such as menthol-mint are not permitted. Retail requires a licence, in place since 1 August 2025, and the product rules applied from 1 February 2026. Lupa- ja valvontavirasto; Ministry of Social Affairs and Health.

Crucially, Finland also closed the border route. Ordering pouches from abroad has been prohibited since 1 August 2025, and from 1 February 2026 a traveller may bring in no more than 1,000 grams for personal use, per Finnish Customs. A Finnish market that looks open from outside is not open to a parcel.

Note that the two caps are stated in different units and are not directly comparable — 9 mg per pouch against 16.6 mg per gram. This is a recurring trap when comparing markets, and the guide to pouch strengths goes through the arithmetic.

Where you cannot buy them: the legal position only

For these markets this site publishes an explainer and nothing else. No channels, no workarounds, no retailer links.

The Netherlands has the cleanest prohibition of the group, because one sentence of statute does the whole job. Article 3a of the Tabaks- en rookwarenwet reads: “Het is verboden tabak voor oraal gebruik of nicotineproducten zonder tabak voor oraal gebruik in de handel te brengen” — it is prohibited to place on the market oral tobacco or tobacco-free oral nicotine products. Both in the same breath. The NVWA describes a “totaal verkoopverbod”. The Dutch route was to widen the scope of the tobacco statute rather than legislate separately. Consolidated text; NVWA.

Belgium prohibits placing pouches on the market under the Royal Decree of 14 March 2023 on certain similar products, as amended. The federal health ministry lists “nicotinezakjes” alongside CBD pouches, disposable e-cigarettes and oral tobacco among products that may not be sold in Belgium. SPF Santé publique. I could not open the Moniteur belge itself — it refuses automated access — so I am citing the ministry rather than quoting the decree’s articles.

France goes considerably further than either, and this is the detail that gets lost. Décret n° 2025-898 of 5 September 2025 does not merely ban sale. As notified to the European Commission, it prohibits “the production, manufacture, transport, import, export, possession, offer, transfer, acquisition, distribution, and use” of oral nicotine products. The government’s own public-information portal states the position in plain terms: “À compter du 1er avril 2026, les sachets de nicotine seront interdits en France… Il s’agit d’une interdiction d’usage, d’acquisition, de détention et de vente, entre autres.” That is a ban reaching the consumer, not only the supplier — unusual in EU product law.

It is also under challenge. On 22 December 2025 the Conseil d’État, sitting in référé, suspended the decree “en tant qu’il interdit la fabrication, la production et l’exportation” pending the annulment case. The suspension covers manufacture, production and export. It does not cover import, possession, acquisition or use, which took effect as planned on 1 April 2026. The merits case had not been decided when I checked. Do not read the suspension as the ban being struck down. Commission TRIS notification 2025/0110/FR; service-public.gouv.fr; Conseil d’État decision n° 509561.

Germany is usually described as a grey area. I think that undersells it. There is no pouch-specific German law, which is true — but the consequence is that pouches fall under food law, and nicotine is not authorised as a food or food ingredient in the EU. The Bundestag’s own research service put it without hedging in October 2024: “Infolgedessen ist das Inverkehrbringen von Nikotinbeuteln in Deutschland derzeit verboten.” Its June 2026 paper confirms the position still stands, with pouches “als neuartige Lebensmittel betrachtet und aus dem Verkehr genommen”. The prohibition has been upheld in court, including VG München M 26b K 20.6308 of 31 May 2023, on the basis of Articles 14(1) and 14(2)(a) of Regulation (EC) 178/2002. What is prohibited is Inverkehrbringen — placing on the market. I found no primary source addressing personal possession or private import, so I make no claim about those. WD 8 – 3000 – 042/26; WD 8 – 3000 – 074/24.

Norway is the one that surprises people, and it is the single most common error in English-language coverage of this category — including, until today, on this site. Norwegian snus is legal, mainstream and culturally central. Tobacco-free nicotine pouches are not permitted. They fall under the new-products approval regime in §§ 34 to 34 d of the tobacco act, and approval has been refused. The Directorate of Health’s official guidance states it directly: “søknader om godkjenning for tobakksfri snus med nikotin [har] tidligere blitt avslått, påklaget og avklart. Nikotinsnus er dermed ikke tillatt å innføre eller selge på det norske markedet.” Not permitted to import or to sell.

A terminology trap sits underneath this: in Norwegian law a tobakkssurrogat is a tobacco-free substitute and the regulator’s examples are nicotine-free, whereas Danish tobakssurrogat means close to the opposite and expressly includes nicotine pouches. Same-looking word, different scope. Norway also closed cross-border distance selling to consumers on 1 January 2026 under § 21 b. Helsedirektoratet; distance-selling ban.

The United States: legal product by product

The US is not a yes-or-no market. It is a list, and the list is the law.

The FDA publishes the authorised products and states the consequence in one sentence: “These are the only nicotine pouch products that may be lawfully sold in the United States.” As of the page current on 21 August 2026 there are 43 authorised products from two companies — Swedish Match USA with 31 (ZYN and ZYN ULTRA, 3/6/9/11 mg) and Helix Innovations with 12 (on! and on! PLUS, 2/4/6/9 mg). Everything else on a US shelf is there without authorisation.

The agency attaches a caveat to the same page, and it should be read as carefully as the authorisation: “While these products are authorized to be sold in the United States, it does not mean these products are safe, nor are they ‘FDA approved.’ All tobacco products are harmful and potentially addictive.”

The sequence: 20 ZYN products on 16 January 2025, the first pouches ever authorised; 6 on! PLUS announced 13 January 2026 under the accelerated review pilot; 4 on! on 4 August 2026; 11 ZYN ULTRA on 21 August 2026. Separately, on 30 June 2026 the FDA granted a modified risk order to the 20 standard ZYN products, permitting one claim and one only: “Using ZYN instead of cigarettes puts you at a lower risk of mouth cancer, heart disease, lung cancer, stroke, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis.” Those orders expire in five years. The FDA published alongside them that “there is no safe tobacco product, and those who do not use tobacco products should not start”, and that for adults who smoke, “fully quitting the use of all forms of tobacco products would most benefit their health”. The modified risk order covers ZYN, not ZYN ULTRA.

Sources: FDA authorised list; January 2025 authorisation; modified risk order; ZYN ULTRA authorisation.

The federal minimum age is 21. The FDA’s Tobacco 21 page does not name pouches in its illustrative list, but the pouch authorisations themselves state the products may be marketed “to adults 21 and older”, which is the citation to rely on.

State rules that change what you can actually get

Federal authorisation tells you what may be sold. State law tells you what may be sold to you, where you are, and how it may reach you. Four states are worth knowing about, and I have left out several commonly-listed ones because I could not substantiate them.

Massachusetts has the clearest flavour restriction. M.G.L. c. 270 § 6 defines a tobacco product as one “containing, made or derived from tobacco or nicotine… whether smoked, chewed, absorbed, dissolved…”, and § 28 prohibits selling any flavoured tobacco product, with characterising flavour expressly including “menthol, mint, wintergreen”. Flavoured pouches are caught. § 28.

California‘s flavour ban reaches pouches, and the Attorney General’s office said so by name. Information Bulletin 2024-DLE-18 of 20 December 2024 states the restrictions include “the popular ‘Zyn Chill’ oral nicotine pouches, as well as other tobacco products marketed as providing a non-mint cooling sensation during use”, and notes that AB 3218 expanded the definition of tobacco products to include nicotine analogs. California also requires a signature from a person aged 21 or over on delivery of tobacco products, under the regime CDPH describes for SB 39.

Oregon expanded its statutory definition of tobacco products on 5 June 2026 under SB 1571 to include “oral nicotine pouches, lozenges, gum and other nicotine products, regardless of whether they are naturally or synthetically made” — Oregon Health Authority. Whether Oregon’s existing face-to-face sale requirement at ORS 180.441 reaches pouches is not clear from the statute, and I am not going to pretend otherwise.

Utah is the one that catches people out. Under Utah Code § 59-14-808, nicotine products may not be ordered or purchased by anyone other than a licensed person, whether by mail, internet, telephone or other electronic method, with civil penalties up to $5,000 per violation. Utah Code § 59-14-102 expressly defines a “nicotine pouch product”. The practical effect is that a consumer in Utah cannot lawfully be shipped pouches at all.

Three things I have not written, because the sources did not support them: that Rhode Island’s flavour ban covers pouches (it is drafted around ENDS; Rhode Island taxes pouches as other tobacco products but does not apply the flavour ban to them); that New York City’s flavour ban covers pouches (the Health Code definition is tobacco-based, and NYC’s own health department describes recreational nicotine products as “not closely regulated”); and that Louisiana or West Virginia levy a per-pouch excise (neither state’s tax code contains one — West Virginia’s only per-unit nicotine tax is 7.5¢ per millilitre on e-liquid).

Canada: behind the pharmacy counter

Canada regulates pouches as nicotine replacement therapy, not as a consumer tobacco product, and the consequences are unusual.

Under the Supplementary Rules Respecting Nicotine Replacement Therapies Order (SOR/2024-169), published 28 August 2024, pouches may be sold only by a pharmacist or someone under a pharmacist’s supervision, and must be kept where they are “not otherwise accessible to the public for self-selection” — behind the counter. Section 12 restricts flavours to mint, menthol or a combination of the two. Labelling must state intended use by adults 18 or over; retail age itself is provincial.

The “4 mg cap” you will see quoted everywhere is not a cap. It is a prescription threshold. Since 14 January 2026 the Prescription Drug List exempts nicotine “in the form of a buccal pouch containing 4 milligrams or less of nicotine per dosage unit”, regulating those as natural health products; above 4 mg per unit, a prescription is required. Health Canada separately states that “there are no authorized nicotine pouches in Canada that contain more than 4 mg of nicotine per dose”. The distinction matters if you are reading a product label.

I checked specifically for any 2026 easing of the pharmacy-only rule, because it has been widely trailed. There is no official source for one. As of today the requirement stands unchanged.

Asia-Pacific, and three claims worth correcting

Australia closed its last legal route on 24 July 2026. The Australian Border Force states that from that date “nicotine pouches cannot lawfully be imported into or supplied in Australia” unless on the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods or covered by a statutory exemption, and that “travellers cannot bring nicotine pouches into Australia”. No pouch is on the ARTG. The prescription-plus-personal-importation pathway that most coverage still describes no longer exists. ABF.

New Zealand reaches the same destination by a different road. The Ministry of Health states that tobacco-free oral nicotine is not a regulated product under the Smokefree Environments and Regulated Products Act at all: it cannot be imported for retail sale unless approved as a medicine, nor for recreational use unless approved as a psychoactive substance. Neither approval exists. Tobacco-based oral products differ — personal import for the user’s own use is permitted. Ministry of Health NZ.

Thailand classifies pouches as tobacco products under section 4 of the Tobacco Products Control Act B.E. 2560, per a Department of Disease Control enforcement notice of 7 November 2025, with retail display prohibited and enforcement active. That is a regulated-as-tobacco position, not the outright sales ban frequently reported — and I am reporting only what the notice says.

India is the correction I would most like to see propagate. The 2019 e-cigarette prohibition is regularly cited as banning pouches. It does not: the Act defines an electronic cigarette as “an electronic device that heats a substance… to create an aerosol for inhalation”, and an oral pouch is not electronic, does not heat and produces no aerosol. The applicable instrument is instead FSSAI regulation 2.3.4, under which “tobacco and nicotine shall not be used as ingredients in any food products” — which bites insofar as a pouch is treated as a food.

Singapore prohibits them in practice: the HSA’s prohibited list includes “dissolvable tobacco or nicotine”, and MOH has treated pouch purchases as breaching the ban. I could not open Singapore Statutes Online to confirm the scheduling wording reaching tobacco-free pouches specifically, so I flag that rather than assert it.

On Brazil, a negative worth recording: ANVISA’s RDC 855/2024 is often cited as the basis for a pouch ban, but it prohibits electronic smoking devices — battery or electricity powered, producing an emission. Pouches are not within that definition, and I found no ANVISA instrument prohibiting them by name.

Buying it: the channel, and whether the parcel arrives

In person

This site does not name individual shops unless they have been verified, and it will not link a retailer that ships into a market where the product is prohibited. What can be said usefully is what kind of channel applies.

In Sweden and the UK, general retail: supermarkets, convenience stores, petrol stations, tobacconists, and specialist shops. In Switzerland and Poland, general retail with advertising and age restrictions. In Denmark and Finland, general retail — Finland under a retail licence — but stocking only compliant product, which is a narrower range than the brand’s full line. In Canada, pharmacies only, from behind the counter. In the United States, general retail, subject to whatever the state adds.

Two observations hold across permissive markets: physical retail prices tend to run well above online, and range is usually limited to whatever the largest brands pay for shelf position. If you know what you want, in-person buying is mostly for when you have run out.

Online

Outside Sweden, this is how most people buy. Five variables decide the outcome, and the order matters.

Is distance selling lawful at your end? Not whether the retailer ships internationally — whether your country permits receipt. Finland prohibited ordering from abroad on 1 August 2025; Norway closed cross-border distance selling on 1 January 2026; Poland bans distance sale; Utah permits ordering only by licensed persons. In each, the parcel is the problem, not the shop.
Is the product itself compliant? A 20 mg/g pouch is lawful in Sweden and unlawful in Denmark; a flavoured pouch is fine in Sweden and not in Denmark or Finland. Compliance is assessed where the product lands.
What happens at the border? A retailer shipping lawfully from their side does not mean the parcel clears yours. Australia’s position is explicit that seized product is destroyed.
Age verification. Reputable sellers verify at checkout, and some jurisdictions require verification again at delivery — California requires a signature from someone 21 or over.
Landed cost. Shipping, duty and VAT are the difference between a good price and a bad one. Compare the total, not the shelf price.

Crossing a border with pouches

The rules that bind are the destination’s, not your departure airport’s, and personal import is regulated separately from sale almost everywhere.

Some concrete cases: Finland permits a traveller to bring in up to 1,000 grams from 1 February 2026; Norway still allows travellers’ own tobacco within customs quotas even after closing online cross-border sales; Australia states flatly that travellers cannot bring pouches in; France’s decree reaches possession and use, a materially different exposure from a sale-side ban; New Zealand permits personal import of tobacco-based oral products but not tobacco-free ones.

The general shape: declare rather than not, keep quantities obviously personal, and check the destination rather than assuming a product lawful at home travels with you. Where a country bans possession, none of the usual reasoning applies.

How to check your own market in five minutes

Regulations in this category change several times a year, so the durable skill is checking rather than remembering.

Start with whether your country has a pouch-specific instrument at all. If it does, it will say whether tobacco-free products are in scope — that phrase, or its local equivalent, is the thing to look for, because many instruments cover only tobacco and get misreported as covering pouches. If there is none, find which general regime applies: food law in Germany, therapeutic goods in Australia, NRT rules in Canada.

Then check three things separately: the age limit, the product limits (nicotine and flavour), and the distance-selling and personal-import rules. A market can be open on the first two and closed on the third. Go to the regulator’s own page, not a retailer’s summary — retailer legality pages are frequently out of date and are never neutral. The regulation tracker on this site carries the working status with dates, and the master ranking covers which products hold authorisations where.

Frequently asked questions

Are nicotine pouches legal in the EU? There is no EU-wide answer. Tobacco-free pouches fall outside the Tobacco Products Directive, confirmed by the Commission’s April 2026 evaluation, so each Member State decides. Sweden, Poland and Austria permit sale; France, Belgium and the Netherlands prohibit it; Denmark and Finland permit it with caps.

Is snus the same question? No. Snus contains tobacco and is banned across the EU by Article 17 of the Directive, with Sweden exempt under the 1994 Act of Accession. Pouches are tobacco-free and outside that regime entirely.

Can I buy nicotine pouches in Norway? No. Snus is legal there; tobacco-free nicotine pouches are not permitted to be imported or sold, per the Directorate of Health. This trips up a great deal of published guidance.

What happens if I order into a country that bans them? That depends on whether the ban reaches the buyer. The Netherlands and Belgium prohibit placing on the market — a supply-side ban. France’s decree reaches possession, acquisition and use. Australia destroys seized product at the border.

Why do some brands sell strengths I cannot get? Because caps are national. Sweden has none. Denmark caps at 9 mg per pouch, Finland at 16.6 mg per gram, Poland at 20 mg/g, Austria at 16.6 mg/g with a 1.6 g unit limit. The same brand name covers different products in different countries.

Does an FDA authorisation mean a product is safe? No, and the FDA says so on the same page: “it does not mean these products are safe, nor are they ‘FDA approved.’ All tobacco products are harmful and potentially addictive.”

How often does this change? Several times a year. In the twelve months to September 2026 alone: Poland’s law took effect, Denmark’s transition closed, Finland’s product rules began, the UK Act passed, Austria’s regime started, France’s ban took effect and was partly suspended, Australia closed personal importation, and the FDA authorised 15 further products.

Sources

What is not on this page. Spain is often listed with a 0.99 mg per pouch cap: that figure comes from a draft Real Decreto put to consultation in November 2024 which has not been published in the BOE and is not in force. Ireland is often listed as regulated: its Bill had cleared the Dáil and sat at Seanad Second Stage when I checked, and is not enacted. Portugal is often listed with a pouch excise: the tax authority’s rate schedule contains no such category. I have left all three out rather than repeat them.